Overview
4-Chloro-2-nitrophenol is an organic chemical compound widely used in industrial applications, including dyes, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. This article provides a comprehensive look at its chemical properties, synthesis, applications, and safety precautions.
Chemical Properties
Molecular Structure
– **Chemical Formula:** C6H4ClNO3
– **Molecular Weight:** 173.55 g/mol
– **Appearance:** Yellow crystalline powder
– **Melting Point:** 45-50°C
– **Solubility:** Slightly soluble in water, soluble in organic solvents
Chemical Characteristics
– Possesses both a chloro (-Cl) and nitro (-NO2) group, making it reactive in organic synthesis.
– Acts as an intermediate in various industrial chemical processes.
Synthesis Process
The synthesis of 4-Chloro-2-nitrophenol typically involves the nitration of 4-chlorophenol. The reaction follows these steps:
1. **Preparation:** 4-Chlorophenol is dissolved in a suitable solvent.
2. **Nitration Reaction:** A nitrating agent such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid is added under controlled conditions.
3. **Purification:** The crude product is purified through crystallization or filtration.
Industrial Applications
Dye and Pigment Industry
– Used as an intermediate in the production of azo dyes and other pigments.
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
– Serves as a precursor in synthesizing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
Agrochemical Sector
– Utilized in the synthesis of pesticides and herbicides.
Chemical Research
– Plays a role in organic synthesis and laboratory studies for developing new materials.
Safety and Handling
Health Hazards
– Can cause irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
– Exposure may lead to harmful effects if inhaled or ingested.
Storage and Disposal
– Store in a cool, dry place away from oxidizing agents.
– Dispose of according to environmental regulations to minimize impact.
Conclusion
4-Chloro-2-nitrophenol (CAS: 89-64-5) is an important compound in various industrial sectors. While it offers significant benefits in dye production, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals, it must be handled with caution to ensure safety and environmental compliance.